Ageratum conyzoides L.: A review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile

Anjoo Kamboj, Ajay Kumar Saluja

Abstract


Ageratum conyzoides L. (AC) is an annual herbaceous plant with a long history of traditional medicinal uses in many countries in the world, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions. Th e weed has been known since ancient times for its curative properties and has been utilized for treatment of various ailments, such as burns and wounds, for antimicrobial properties, for many infectious conditions
and bacterial infections, arthrosis, headaches and dyspnea, pneumonia, analgesic, anti-infl ammatory, antiasthmatic, antispasmodic and haemostatic eff ects, stomach ailments, gynaecological diseases, leprosy and other skin diseases. A wide range of chemical compounds including alkaloids, cumarins, fl avonoids, chromenes, benzofurans, sterols and terpenoids have been isolated from this species. Extracts and metabolites from this plant have been found to possess pharmacological and insecticidal activities. Th is contribution provides a
comprehensive review of its ethnomedical uses, chemical constituents and the pharmacological profi le as a medicinal plant. Particular attention has been given to analgesic and anti-infl ammatory, antibacterial and wound healing properties, radioprotective, antifungal, anthelmintic and nematicidal, insecticidal eff ects presented in this review such that the potential use of this plant either in pharmaceutics
or as an agricultural resource can be evaluated.
Key words: Ageratum conyzoides, alkaloids, benzofurans, bioactivity, chromenes, fl avonoids, terpenoids

Full Text:

PDF

References


Kissmann G, Groth D. Plantas infestantes e nocivas. Sau Paulo:Basf

Brasileira; 1993.

Burkill HM. The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa, vol. 1. Kew:

Royal Botanic Gardens; 1985.

Marks MK, Nwachuku AC. Seed bank characteristics on a group

of tropical weeds. Weed Res 1986;26:151-7.

Sood VK. Chemical examination of the ß ower oil of Ageratum

conyzoides L. Flav Ind 1973;4:77.

Abbiw DK. Useful plants of Ghana, Intermediate Tech. Publication.

London: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; 1990. p. 207.

Dalziel JM. The useful plants of West Africa. London: Crown

Agents; 1937.

Menut C, Lamaty G, Amvam PH. Aromatic plants of tropical

central Africa part X: Chemical composition of essential oil of

Ageratum houstonianum. Flav Frag J 1993;8:1.

Couett CE, Crews C, Hanley BA. Analysis, separation and

bioassay of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from comfrey. Nat Toxins

;4:1605-10.

Vera R. Chemical compostion of essential oil of Ageratum conyzoides

L. from Reunion. Flav Fragr J 1993;8:257.

Githens TS. Drug plants of Africa. Afr Handbooks 1948;8:59.

Kerharo J, Adam JG. La pharmacopee senegalaise traditionelle:

Plantes. Medicinales et toxiques vol. 1, Paris: Vigot; 1974. p. 101.

Adjanohoun EJ, Ahyi AM, Ake-Assi L. Medicine traditionelle et

pharmacopee, 1988.

Durodola JI. Antibacterial property of crude extracts from a herbal

wound healing remedy Ageratum conyzoides L. Planta Medica

;32:388-90.

Kokwaro JO. Medicinal plants of East Africa. Nairobi: East African

Literature Bureau; 1976. p. 58.

Okunade AL. Ph.D Thesis, Nigeria: University of Ibadan; 1981. p.

Katsuri TR, Thomas M, Abraham EM. Essential oil of Ageratum

conyzoides: Isolation and structure of two new constituents. Indian

J Chem 1973;11:91-5.

Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Chopra IC. Glossary of Indian Medicinal

Plants. New Delhi: NISCIR; 2002. p. 9.

Yamamoto LA, Soldera JC, Emim JA, Godinho RO, Souccar C, Lapa

AJ. Pharmacological Screening of Ageratum conyzoides L. Mem Inst

Oswaldo Cruz 1991;86:145-7.

Sharma PD, Sharma OP. Natural products chemistry and

biological properties of the Ageratum plant. Toxicol Environ Chem

;50:213.

Kapur SK. Ethnomedico plants of Kangra valley (Himachal

Pradesh). J Econ Tax Bot 1993;17:395-408.

Ahluwalia KS. Medicinal plants of Kerala-V, Nagarjun

;11:363-9.

Dutt a ML, Nath SC. Ethno-medico botany of Deories of Assam,

India. Fitoterapia 1998;69:147-54.

Gangwar AK, Ramakrishnan PS. Ethnobiological notes on

some tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, Northeastern, India. Eco Bot

;44:94-105.

Sudhakar A, Chetty KM. Medicinal importance of some

angiospermic weeds used by the rural people of Chitt oor district

of Andhra Pradesh, India. Fitoterapia 1998;69:390-400.

Upadhay OP, Kumar K, Tiwari RK. Ethnobotanical study of skin

treatment uses of medicinal plants of Bihar. Pharmaceut Biol

;36:167-72.

Banerjee AK, Banerjee I. A Survey of Medicinal Plants in Shevaroy

hills. J Econ Tax Bot 1986;8:271-90.

Jain S, Pand Puri HS. Ethnomedicinal plants of Jaunsar-Bawar

hills, Utt ar Pradesh. Indian J Ethnopharmacol 1984;12:213-22.

Jamir NS. Some interesting medicinal plants used by Nasas. J Res

Educ Indian Med 1990;9:81-7.

Kumar V, Jain SK. A contribution to ethnobotany of Surguja district

in Madhya Pradesh, India. Ethnobotany 1998;10:89-96.

Suresh B, Dhanasekaran S, Kumar RV, Balasubramanian S.

Ethnopharmacological studies on the medicinal plants of Nilgiris.

Indian Drugs 1995;32:340-52.

Ramachandran VS, Nair NC. Ethnobotanical observations on

Irulars of Tamil Nadu (India). J Econ Tax Bot 1981;2:183-90.

Maheshwari JK, Singh KK, Saha S. Ethnomedicinal uses of plants

by the Tharus of Kheri district, UP. Bull Med Ethnobot Res

;1:318-37.

Siddiqui MB, Alam MM, Husain W. Traditional treatment of Skin

diseases in Utt ar Pradesh, India. Econ Bot 1989;43:480-6.

Sankaran S, Alagesaboopathi C. Some Medicinal plants used by

the tribals of Shevaroy hills, Tamil Nadu. Flora Fauna 1995;1:

-8.

Upadhye A, Kumbhojkar MS, Vartak VD. Observations on wild

plants used in folk medicine in rural areas of the Kolhapur district.

Ancient Sci Life 1986;6:119-21.

Jain P, Sahu TR. An ethnobotanical study of Noradehi sanctuary

park of Madhya Pradesh, India: Native plant remedies for scorpion

sting and snake bite. J Econ Tax Bot 1993;17:315-28.

Neogi B, Prasad MN, Rao RR. Ethnobotany of some weeds of

Khasi and Garo hills, Meghalaya, Northeastern India. Econ Bot

;43:471-9.

Dhasmana H. Medicinal plants of Pauri town (Garhwal) and

adjacent forest regions (part 1: family compositae). J Sci Res Plant

Med 1985;6:45-7.

Rajwar GS. Low altitude medicinal plants of south Garhwal

(Garhwal Himalaya). Bull Med Ethnobot Res 1983;4:14-28.

Siddiqui MB, Husain W. Some aquatic and marshy land medicinal

plants from Hardoi district of Uttar Pradesh. Fitoterapia

;63:245-8.

Singh H. Ethnobiological treatment of Piles by Bhoxas of Utt ar

Pradesh. Ancient Sci Life 1988;8:167-70.

Dagar HS, Dagar JC. Some folk lore medicinal claims on plants of

CarNicobar Island. Bull Med Ethnobot Res 1996;17:8-17.

Katewa SS, Arora A. Some plants in folk medicines of Udaipur

district (Rajasthan), Ethnobotany 1997;9:48-51.

Sahoo AK, Mudgal V. Ethnobotany of South Chotanagpur (Bihar).

Bull Bot Surv India 1993;35:40-59.

Sharma PC, Murti KS, Bhat AV, Narayanappa D, Kishore P.

Medicinal-Iores of Orissa-I-Skin diseases. Bull Med Ethnobot Res

;6:93-101.

Hemadri K, Rao SS. Folk lore claims of Koraput and Phulbani

district of Orrisa state. Indian Med 1989;1:11-3.

Gravena S, Colett i A, Yamamoto PT. Inß uence of green cover with

Ageratum conyzoides and Eupatorium pauciß orum on predatory and

phytophagous mits in citrus. Bul. OILB-SROP 1993;16:104-14.

Igoli JO, Ogaji OG, Tor-Anyiin TA, Igoli NP. Traditional Medicine

Practice Amongst the Igede people of Nigeria Part-II. Afr J

Traditional Compl Alternative Med 2005;2:134-52.

Wandji J, Bissangou MF, Ouambra JM, Silou T, Abena A, Keita A.

Allelochemicals from Ageratum conyzoides L. and Oryza sativa L. and

their eff ects on related Pathogens. Fitoterapia 1996;67:427.

Devdhar PB, Rao CV. Studies in vegetable oils pert-II: Composition

of the seed oils of Eclipta alba (Linn.) and Ageratum conyzoides.

Indian J Appl Chem 1970;33:305.

Ekundayo O, Laasko I, Hiltunen R. Essential Oil of Ageratum

conyzoides. Planta Med 1988;54:55-7.

Rana VS, Blazquez MA. Chemical composition of the Volatile Oil of

Ageratum conyzoides aerial parts. Int J Aromather 2003;13:203-6.

Rao JT, Nigam SS. Reichst. Aromen Koerperpflegem

;23:209-12.

Chalchat JC, Garry RP, Menut C, Lamaty G, Malhuret R,

Chopineau J. Correlation between chemical composition and

antimicrobial activity VI, Activity of some African essential oils. J

Essent Oil Res 1997;9:67.

Riaz M, Khalid MR, Chaudhary FM, Rashid KM. Essential oil

composition of Pakistani Ageratum conyzoides L. J Essen Oil Res

;7:551.

Pham TT, Nguyen VD, Vien DL. Essential oil of Þ jian Ageratum

conyzoides L. Tap Chi Hoa Hoc 1976;14:29.

Quij ano L, Calderson JS, Gomez GF, Rios T. In vitro cytotoxicity

of ß avonoids against MK2 and C6 tumour cells. Phytochemistry

;21:2965.

Sharma GP, Garg BD, Girgune JB, Jain NK. Chemical Investigation

of the essential oil from Ageratum conyzoides Linn. Univ Indore Res

J 1980a;6:6-11.

Katsuri TR, Manithomes TM. Essential oil of Ageratum conyzoides-

isolation and structure of two new constituents. Tetrahedron Lett

;27:2573.

Koteppa P, Rao PJ, Subramanyan B, Rastogi JN,

Devakumar C. Benzofuran and other constituents of the Oil of

Ageratum conyzoides. Phytochemistry 1998;49:1385-8.

Pari K, Rao PJ, Subrahmanyam B, Rasthogi JN, Devakumar C.

Benzofuran and other constituents of essential oil of Ageratum

conyzoides, Phytochemistry 1998;49:1385-7.

Ahmed AA, Abou-Douh AM, Mohamed AE, Hassan ME,

Karchesy J. A New Chromene Glucoside from Ageratum conyzoides.

Planta Med 1999;65:171.

Gonzalez AG, Aguiar ZE, Grillo TA, Luis JG, Rivera A, Calle

J. Methoxy Flavone from Ageratum conyzoides. Phytochemistry

;30:1269.

Desai HK, Gawad DH, Govindachari TR, Joshi BS, Kamat VN,

Modi JD, et al. Chemical Investigation of Indian plants part-VII.

Indian J Chem 1973;11:840-2.

Srivastava US, Jaiswal AK, Abidi R. Juvenoid activity in extracts

of certain plants. Curr Sci 1985;54:576-8.

Adesogan EK, Okunade AL. A new flavone from Ageratum

conyzoides. Phytochemistry 1979;18:1863-4.

Adesogan EK, Okunade AL. J Chem Soc Chem Commun

;152.

Gill S, Mionskowski H, Janczewska D, Kapsa G. Flavonoid

compounds of Ageratum conyzoides L. herb. Acta Pol Pharm

;35:241.

Gonzalez AG, Aguiar ZE, Grillo TA, Luis JG, Rivera A, Calle JJ.

Ageratum conyzoides: A tropical source of medicinal and agricultural

products. Perkin Trans 1984;1:2945.

Horie T, Tominaga H, Kawamura Y. Revised structure of a natural

flavone from Ageratum conyzoides. Phytochemistry 1993;32:

-7.

Quij ano L, Calderson JS, Gomez GF, Soria IE, Rios T. Highly

oxygenated ß avonoids from Ageratum conyzoides. Phytochemistry

;19:2439.

Vyas AV, Mulchandani NB. Polyoxygenated flavones from

Ageratum conyzoides. Phytochemistry 1986;25:2625-7.

Nair AG, Kotiyal JP, Subramaian SS. Chemical constituents of the

leaves of Ageratum conyzoides. Indian J Pharma 1977;39:108.

Yadava RN, Kumar S. A novel Isoflavone from the stems of

Ageratum conyzoides. Fitoterapia 1999;70:475-7.

Dubey S, Gupta KC. Matsumoto T, Sterols of Ageratum conyzoides L.

Herba Hung 1989;28:71.

Horng CJ, Lin SR, Chen AH. Phytochemical Study on Ageratum

conyzoides. Formosan Sci 1976;30:101-5.

Hui WH, Lee WK. Triterpenoid and steroid constituents of some

Lactuca and Ageratum species of Hong Kong. Phytochemistry

;10:899-901.

Wiedenfeld H, Roder E. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids from Ageratum

conyzoides. Planta Med 1991;57:578.

Sur N, Poi R, Bhatt acharyya A, Adityachoudhury NJ. Isolation of

aurantiamide acetate from Ageratum conyzoides. Indian J Chem Soc

;74:249.

Pari K, Subrahmanyam B, Rastogi JN, Devakumar C, Rao PJ.

Insecticidal (Z)-6-methyl-12-heptadecenoic acid from the essential

oil of Ageratum conyzoides. Indian J Chem Sect B 2000;39B:451.

Riaz M, Khalid MR, Chaudhary FM. Pak J Sci Ind Res

;34:399.

Tyagi S, Ojha AC, Rawat GS, Chemical examination of some

medicinal plants of Shiwalik hills. Himalayan Chem Pharm Bull

a;11:4-6.

Mondal AK, Parui S, Mandal S. Analysis of the Amino acid content

in Pollen of nine Asteraceae species of known Allergenic activity.

Ann Agric Environ Med 1998;5:17-20.

Tyagi S, Sarraf S, Ojha AC, Rawat GS. Chemical investigation

of some medicinal plants of Shiwalik hills. Asian J Chem

;7:165-7.

Tyagi S, Saraf S, Ojha AC, Rawat GS. Chemical examination of

some medicinal plants (Shiwalik hills). Himalayan Chem Pharm

Bull 1994b;11:18-21.

Achola KJ, Munenge RW. Activity of Ageratum conyzoides on

isolated rat phrenic nerve diaphragm and blood pressure on

anaeshetised rats. Int J Pharmacogenetics 1997;35:31-7.

Marques N, Costalat LT, Fernandes SR, De Napoli MD, Samara AM.

Efeito do Ageratum conyzoides Lin. Notratamento da artose. Rev

Bras Rhemaol 1988;28:109-14.

Whitt le SR, Turner A. J Biochem Pharmacol 1981;30:1191.

Akah PA. Haemostatic activity of aqueous leaf extract of Ageratum

conyzoides L. Int J Crude Drug Res 1988;26:97.

Agrawal VK. Pharmacognostical studies on the root of Ageratum

conyzoides L. J Res Ayur Siddha 1981;2:242-7.

Gupta A, Gupta R, A survey of plants for presence of cholinesterase

activity. Phytochemistry 1997;46:827-31.

Achola KJ, Munenga RW, Mwaura AM. Pharmacological properties

of root and aerial parts extracts of Ageratum conyzoides on isolated

ileum and heart. Fitoterapia 1994;65:322-5.

Garcia EA, Carvalho MP. Electrophysiological effects of

Ageratum conyzoides L. on guinea-pig heart. Phytother Res

;13:172-4.

Marques-Neto JF, Lapa A, Kubota M. Efeitos do Ageratum conyzoides

Linee no tratamento da artrose. Rev Bras Reumat 1988;28:34-7.

Abena AA, Kintasngoula-Myaba GS, Diantama J, Bioka D. Eff ects

analgesiques dÂ’un extrait brudÂ’Ageratum conyzoides chez le rat.

Encephale 1993;19:329-32.

Sampson JH, Phillipson JD, Bowery NG, OÂ’Neill MJ, Houston JG,

Lewis JA. Ethnomedicinally selected plants as sources of potential

analgesic compounds: Indication of in vitro biological activity in

receptor binding assays. Phytother Res 2000;14:24-9.

Okemy-Andissa N, Ouamba JM, Koudou J, Diatewa M, Gleassor H,

Abena AA. Comparative Study of Analgesic Activities of Tetra and

an Association of Three Plants: Ageratum conyzoides, Combopogon

citrates and Lippia multiß ora. Int J Pharmacol 2006;2:42.

Magalhaes JF, Viana CF, Aragao AG Jr, Moraes VG, Ribeiro RA,

Vale MR. Analgesic and anti-inß ammatory activities of Ageratum

conyzoides in rats. Phytother Res 1997;11:183.

Silva MJ, Vale MR, Resumos VI. Reuniao Annual da Federac¸ ao das

Sociedades de Biologia Experimental, Caxambu; 1991. p. 296.

Margort deSilva MJ, Capaz FR, Vale MR. Eff ects of water soluble

fraction from leaves of Ageratum conyzoides on smooth muscle.

Phytother Res 2000;14:130.

Mahmood AA, Sidik I, Salmah I, Suzainor KA, Philip K.

Antiulcerogenic activity of Ageratum conyzoides leaf extract against

ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats as Animal model. Int J Mol

Med Adv Sci 2005;1:402-5.

Tandon SK, Chandra S, Tripathi HC. Pharmacological eff ects of

Ageratum conyzoides roots, Indian J Pharma Sci 1994;56:182.

Moura AC, Silva EL, Fraga MC, Wanderley AG, AÞ atpour P,

Maia MB. Anti- inß ammatory and chronic toxicity study of the

leaves of Ageratum conyzoides L. in rats. Phytomedicine 2005;12:138-

Shirwailkar A, Bhilegaonkar PM, Malini S, Kumar JS. The

gastroprotective activity of the ethanol extract of Ageratum

conyzoides. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;86:117-21.

Almagboul AZ, Farrog AA, Tyagi BR. Antimicrobial activity of

certain Sudanese plants used in folkoric medicine: Screening for

antibacterial activity, Part-2. Fitoterapia 1985;56:103.

Chah KF, Eze CA, Emuelosi CE, Esimone CO. Antibacterial and

wound healing properties of methanolic extracts of some Nigerian

medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 2006;8:104.

Kishore N, Dubey NK, Tripathi RD, Singh SK. Fungitoxic activitry

of leaves of some higher plants. Natl Acad Sci Lett 1982;5:9-10.

Mishra DN, Dixit V, Mishra AK. Mycotoxic evaluation of some

higher plants against ringworm causing fungi. Indian Drugs

;28:300-3.

Ganesan T, Krishnaraju J. Antifungal properties of wild plants-II.

Adv Plant Sci 1995;8:194-6.

Mustafa MR, Mahmood AA, Sidik K, Noor SM. Evaluation of

wound healing potential of Ageratum conyzoides leaf extract in

combination with honey in rats as animal model. Int J Mole Med

Adv Sci 2005;1:406-10.

Oladeio OW, Imosemi IO, Osuagwu FC, Oyedele OO,

Oluwadara OO, Ekpo OE, et al. A comparative study of the wound

healing properties of honey and Ageratum conyzoides. Afr J Med

Med Sci 2003;32:193-6.

Moody JO, Adebiyi OA, Adeniyi BA. Do Aloe vera and

Ageratum conyzoides enhance the anti-microbial activity of

traditmedicinal soft soaps (Osedudu)? J Ethnopharmacol

;92:57-60.

Pandey DK, Asthana A, Tripathi NN, Dixit SN. Volatile plant

products vis-Ã -vis potato pathogenic bacteria. Indian Perfum

;25:10.

Sharma GP, Jain NK, Garg BD. Antifungal activity of some essential

oils-I. Indian Drugs 1978;16:21.

Akinyemi KO, Oladapo O, Okwara CE, Ibe CC, Fasure KA.

Screening of crude extracts of six medicinal plants used in southwest

Nigerian unorthodox medicine for antimethicilin resistant

Staphylococcus aureus activity. BMC Compl Alter Med 2005;5:6.

Jagetia GC, Shirwaikar A, Rao SK, Bhilegaonkar PM. Evaluation

of the radioprotective eff ect of Ageratum conyzoides Linn. Extract

in mice exposed to diff erent doses of gamma radiation. J Pharm

Pharmacol 2003;55:1151.

Lans C. Ethnomedicines used in Trinidad and Tobago for

reproductive problems. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2007;3:13.

Abena AA, Ouamba JM, Keita A. Anti-inß ammatory, analgesic

and antipyretic activities of essential oil of Ageratum conyzoides.

Phytother Res 1996;10:S164-5.

Sharma GP, Jain NK, Garg BD. Antibacterial activity of some

essential oils. Indian Drugs 1979a;17:14-5.

Sharma GP, Jain NK, Garg BD. Antibacterial activity of some

essential oils. Sci Cult 1979b;45:327-8.

Pattnaik S, Subramanyam VR, Kole C. Microbioscience

;86:237.

Rao JT, Riechst, Aromen, Koerperpß egem 1976;26:50.

Fiori AC, Schwan-Estrada KR, Stangarlin JR, Vida JB, Scapim CA,

Cruz ME, et al. Antifungal activity of leaf extracts and essential oils

of some medicinal plants against Didymella bryoniae. J Phytopathol

;148:483-7.

Maini PM, Morallo-Rejesus B. Toxicity of some volatile oils against

golden snail (Pomacea spp.). Philippines J Sci 1992;121:391-7.

Asthana A, Chandra H, Dikshit A, Dixit SN. Volatile fungitoxicants

from leaves of some higher plants against Helminthosporium

oryzae. Pß anzenkr Pß anzenschutz 1982;89:475.

Singh PP, Shukla HS, Singh RS, Tripathi SC. Antifungal properties

of essential oil of Ageratum conyzoides L. Nat Acad Sci Lett

;9:97.

Sharma GP, Jain NK, Garg BD. Antihelmintic activity of some

essential oils. Indian Perfum 1979c;23:210-2.

Vij ayalakshmi K, Mishra SD, Prasad SK. Nematicidal properties

of some indigenious plant materials against second stage

juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita chitwood. Indian J Entomol

;41:326-31.

Nisar S, Husain SI. Allelopathic eff ects of some plants on the larval

emergence of Meloidogyne incognita chitwood. Indian J Appl Pure

Biol 1990;5:129-30.

Miller JA, Wood HC. US Patent 1968;121:307.

Ragasa CY, Tepora M, Rideout JA. ACGC Chem Res Commun

;7:48.

Garcia MD, Saenz MT, Gomez MA, Fernandez MA. Topical antiin

ß ammatory activity of phytosterols isolated from Erygium

foetidum on chronic and acute inß ammation models. Phytother

Res 1999;13:78-80.

Kawaii S, Tomono Y, Katase E, Ogawa K, Yano M. J Agric Food

Chem 1999;47:128-35.

Gbolade AA, Onayade OA, Ayinde BA. Insecticidal activity of

Ageratum conyzoides L. volatile oil against Callosobruchus chinensis

F in seed treatment and fumigation laboratory tests: Insect Science

and its application. Insect Sci Its Appl 1999;19:237.

Calle J, Rivera A, Luis JG, Aguiar Z, Nimeyer HM, Nathan PJ.

Insecticidal activity of the petroleum ether extract of Ageratum

conyzoides L. Rev Colomb Quim 1990;19:91-6.

Raja SS, Singh A, Rao SJ. Anim Morphol Physiol 1987;34:35.

Fagoonee I, Umrit G. Antigonadotropic Hormones from the

Goatweed, Ageratum comyzoides. Insect Sci Appl 1981;4:373-6.

Degheele D, Fontier H, Auda M, DeLoof A. Rijksuniv Gent

;51:101.

Halpin RA, Vyas KP, El-Naggar F, Jerina DM. Cytoprotective eff ects

of Modulators of Oxidative Xenobiotic monoxygenase inhibitors.

Chem Biol Interact 1984;48:297-315.

Hammond AH, Garle MJ, Fry JR. J Biochem Toxicol 1995;10:265.

Ravidranath V, Boyd MR, Jerina DM. Biochem Pharmacol

;36:441.

Darvas B, Jaszberenyi JC, Timar T, Fonagy A. Toxic activity of

,2-dimethyl-3,4-dichloro- and 2,2-dimethyl-[1,2,3]selenadiazolochromenes

on Pieris brassicae and larvae Leptinotarsa decemlineata.

Pesticide Sci 1993;18:277-80.

Casas J, Gorchs G, Sanchez-Baeza F, Teixidor P, Messeguer A.

Inhibition of rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation elicited by

simple 2,2-dimethylchromenes and chromans structurally related

to Precocenes. J Agric Food Chem 1992;40:585-90.

Moreira MD, Picanco MC, Barbosa LC, Guedes RN, Barros EC, et al.

Compounds from Ageratum conyzoides: Isolation, structural elucidation

and insecticidal activity. Planta Med 1999;65:2.

Atal CK, Srivastava JB, Wali BK, Chakravarty RB, Dhawan BN,

Rastogi RP. Screening of Indian plants for biological activity, part-

VIII. Indian J Exp Biol 1978;16:330-49.

Saxena A, Saxena RC. Eff ects of Ageratum conyzoides extract on

the development stages of malaria vector, Anopheles stephansi

(Diptera: Culicidae). J Env Biol 1992;13:207-9.

Sujatha CH, Vasuki V, Mariappan T, Kalyanasundaram M, Das PK.

Int Pest Control 1988;30:122-4.

Saxena RC, Jayashree S, Padma S, Dixit OP. Evaluation of growth

disrupting activity of Ageratum conyzoides crude extract on Culex

quinquefasciatus. J Env Biol 1994;15:67-74.

Pandey ND, Mathur KK, Pandey S, Tripathi. Eff ect of some plant

extracts against pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis Linnaeus.

Indian J Entomol 1986;48:85-90.

Bhathal SS, Singh D, Dhillon RS. Insecticidal activity of Ageratum

conyzoides Linn, against Lipaphis erysimi (kaltenbach). J Insect Sci

;7:35-6.

Xu T, Kong C, Hu F. Allelopathy of Ageratum conyzoides III:

Allelopathic effects of volatile oil from Ageratum on plants

under different nutrient levels. Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao

;10:748-50.

Hu F, Kong C. Allelopathy of Ageratum conyzoides VI, Eff ects of

meterological conditions on allelopathy of Ageratum conyzoides.

Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao 2002;13:76-80.

Kong C, Hu F, Xu X. Allelopathic potential and chemical

constituents of volatiles from Ageratum conyzoides under stress. J

Chem Ecol 2002;28:1173-82.

Singh AB. Aerobiological studies in India in relation to allergy.

Indian J Pediatr 1984;51:345-8.

Xuan TD, Shinkichi T, Hong NH, Kanh TD, Min CI. Assessment

of Phytotoxic action of Ageratum conyzoides L. (billy goat weed)

on weeds. Crop Protect 2004;23:915-22.

Arbat A, Patil GV. Common allergenic pollen and spores causing

respiratory allergy from central India, Nagpur. J Soc Pure Appl

Nat Sci 1985;1:5-7.

Batish DR, Kohli RK, Singh HP, Saxena DB. Studies on Herbicidal

activity of parthenin: A constituent of parthenium hysterophorus

towards billy goat weed. Curr Sci 1997;73:369-71.

Kumar S, Singh CM. Proceedings, Seminar on Control of Lantana

and Ageratum species. Palampur, India: Himachal Pradesh

Agricultural University; 1988. p. 74.

Sujatha CH, Nisar S, Jadhi C. Evaluation of plant extracts

for biological activity against mosquitoes. Int Pest Control

;7:122.

Kong C, Fei F, Wenju L, Peng W, Yong J. Allelopathic potential of

Ageratum conyzoides at various growth stages in diff erent habitats.

Allelopathy Jr 2004;13:233-40.

Perumal Samy R, Igancimuthu S, Patric RD. Preliminary

Screening of ethnomedicinal plants from India. J Ethnopharmacol

;66:235-40.

Sharma GP, Jain KK, Garg BD. Eff ect of some essential oils on

isolated rectus abdominis of frog (Rana tigrina). Indian Drugs

Pharmaceut Ind 1980b;15:21-2.

Vyas AV, Mulchandani NB. Biosynthesis of procoenes-I and II

antij uvenile hormones. Phytochemistry 1980;19:2597-8.

Vyas AV, Mulchandani NB. Structure reinvestigation of

conyzorigun: A new chromone from Ageratum conyzoides. J Chem

Soc 1984;:2945-7.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v2i2.29

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


 
About us | Contact us | Sitemap | Advertise | What's New | Feedback | Copyright and Disclaimer 
© 2014 International Journal of Green Pharmacy | Hosted and Maintained by BRNSS Publication Hub
Online since 15th February, 2008
www.brncop.org | www.asiapharmaceutics.info | www.aiip.info
Â