A novel xyloglucan gum from seeds of Afzelia africana Se. Pers.: Some functional and physicochemical properties

Philip F. Builders, Chijioke Chukwu, Ifeoma Obidike, Modupe I. Builders, Anthony A. Attama, Michael U. Adikwu

Abstract


Afzelia gum (AzG) is a nonstarch polysaccharide extracted from the seeds of Afzelia africana Se. Pers. Some physicochemical and thermal properties of the polysaccharide have been determined and compared with those of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC). The isothermal swelling characteristics show that AzG and HPMC are hydrogels. The swelling of AzG unlike that of HPMC is pH responsive as characterized by its swelling profile and mean swelling time (MST) in different pH buffer solutions. The thermograph of AzG shows four characteristic peaks. Three endothermic peaks and an exothermic peak, while that of HPMC is characterized by two peaks, an endothermic peak and an exothermic peak. The moisture sorption characteristic of HPMC and AzG show that both polymers are moderately hygroscopic. The equilibrium moisture uptake of AzG was greater than that of HPMC at low (21-47)
relative humidity (RH); at higher (75-100) RH, the equilibrium moisture uptake was considerably higher for HPMC. The gel clarity of AzG and HPMC were pH responsive. AzG produced similarly lower gel clarity in pH 4 and pH 9 solutions its highest clarity was in pH 7 solution. The reverse was the case for HPMC dispersions. The results of the various properties evaluated indicate that AzG has potential as pharmaceutical.
Key words: Afzelia gum, gel clarity, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, moisture sorption, swelling isotherm, thermal properties

Full Text:

PDF

References


Rowe C, Shesky PJ, Weoller PJ. Hand Book of Pharmaceutical

Excipients. 4th ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press; 2003. p. 544-5.

Chaubal M, Using chitosan as an excipient for oral drug delivery,

Drug Delivery Technology, Article index 2004;1-4.

Onyechi UA, Judd PA, Ellis PR. African plant foods rich in

non-starch polysaccharides reduce post prandial blood glucose

and insulin concentration in healthy human subjects. Br J Nutr

;80:419-28.

Tritt-Goc J, Kowalczuk J. Study of fickian, case ii and anomalous

diffusion of solvents into HPMC. Fundamentals 2005;2:1-135.

Keay RWJ, Onochie CFA, Stanfield DP. Nigerian Trees. Vol 2.

Nigeria: (National, Apapa, Fed. Dept. Forest Research: Ibadan;

p. 459-60.

Ren Y, Picout DR, Ellis PR, Ross-Murphy SB, Reid JS. A novel

xyloglucan from seeds of Afzelia africana.Pers.—extraction,

characterization, and conformational properties. Carbohydr Res

;340:997-1005.

Wang Q, Ellis PR, Ross-Murphy SB, Reid JS. A new polysaccharide

from a traditional Nigerian plant food: Detarium senegalense

Gmelin. Carbohydr Res 1996;284;229-39.

Gidley MJ, Lillford PJ, Rowlands DW, Lang P, Dentini M,

Crescenzi V. Structural and solution properties of tamarind seed

polysaccharide. Research 1991;214:314.

Vervoort L, Mooter GV, Augustijns P, Kinget R. Inulin hydrogels

I. Dynamic and equilibrium swelling properties. International

Journal of Pharmaceutics 1998;172:127-35.

Ritger PL, Peppas NA. A simple equation for desorption of solute

release II fickian and anomalous release from swellable devices.

Journal of Controlled. Release 1987;5:37-42.

Beristain C, Perez-Alonso CI, Lobato-Calleros C, Rodriguez-Huezo

ME, Vernon-Carter EJ. Thermodynamic analysis of the sorption

isotherms of pure and blended carbohydrate polymers. Journal

of Food Engineering 2006;77:753-60.

Lin YC, Chen X. Moisture sorption-desorption-resorption

characteristics and its effect on the mechanical behaviour of the

epoxy system. Polymer 2005;46:11994-2003.

Craig SAS, Maningat CC, Seib PA, Hosennay RC. Starch paste

clarity. Cereal Chemistry 1989;66:173-82.

Builders PF, Kunle OO, Adikwu MU. Preparation and

characterization of mucinated agarose: a mucin–agarose physical

crosslink. Int J Pharm 2008;356:174-80.

Morrison RT, Boyd RN. Organic chemistry. 5th ed. New Delhi:

Prentice Hall of India; 1990. p. 31-5.

Rodriguez DE, Romero-Garcia J, Ramirez-Vargas E, Ledezma-

Perez AS, Arias-Marin E, Synthetic and swelling characteristics

of semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels composed

of poly(acrylamide) and poly (Y-glutamic acid). Journal Matlet

;60:1390. File://E:Science Direct- Link Using DOI; View record

in Scopus; Cited in Scopus.

Batich C, Leamy P, Biopolymers,. In: Kutz M, editor. Standard

Handbook of Biomedical Engineering and Design. Mc Graw Hill;

p. 4-6.

Callahan JC, Cleary GW, Elefant M, Kaplan G, Kensler T, Nash RA.

Equilibrium moisture content of pharmaceutical excipients. Drug

Development Industrial Pharmacy 1982;8:355-69.

Ravichandran P, Shantha KL, Panduranga R. Preparation,

swelling characteristics and evaluation of hydrogels for stomach

specific drug delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutics

;154:89-94.

Manek RV, Kunle OO, Emeje MO, Builders PF, Rama Rao GV,

Lopez GP, et al. Physical Thermal and Sorption Profile of Starch

Obtained from Tacca leontopetaloides. Starch/Starke 2005;57:55-61.

Mackin L, Zanon R, Park JM, Foster K, Opalenik H, Demonte

M. Quantification of low levels (<10%) of amorphous content in

micronised active batches using dynamic vapours sorption and

isothermal microcalormertry. Int J Pharm 2002;231:227-36.

Bravo-Osuna I, Ferrero C, Jimenez-Castellanos MR. Water sorption

–desorption behavior of methyl methacrylate-starch copolymers:

effect of hydrophobic graft and drying method. European Journal

Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutics 2004;59:537-48.

Trung TS, Thein-Han WW, Qui NT, Ng CH, Stevens WF. Functional

characteristics of shrimp chitosan and its membranes as affected

by the degree of deacetylation. Bioresour Technol 2005;997:659-63.

Beery KE, Ladisch MR. Chemistry and properties of starch based

desiccants. Enzyme Microb Technol 2001;28:573-81.

Franklin J, Wang ZY. Refractive index matching a general method

or enhancing the optical clarity of hydrogel matrix. Chem Mater

;14:4487-89.

Brittain HG. Over view of physical characterization methodology.

In: Physical characterization of pharmaceutical solids. Brittain HG,

editor. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1995. p. 1-35.

Burnett DJ, Thielmann F, Sokoloski T, Brum J. Investigation the

moisture-induced crystallization kinetics of spray-dried lactose.

Int J Pharm 2006;313:23-8.

Bixler HJ. The Carrgeenan Connection IV. British Food Journal

;96:12 -

Lorraine EP. Gel dosage forms: Theory and Formulation, and

Processing. In: Osborne WD, Amann AH, editors. Topical Drug

Delivery Formulation 537-548.s. 2nd ed. Revised and Expanded;

p. 381-6.

Soldati A, Stehli A, Stamp P. Temperature adaptation of tropical

highland and maize (Zea mays L.) during early growth and in

controlled conditions. European Journal of Agronomy 1999;10:111-7.

Campbell D, Pethrick RAP, White JR. Polymer Characterization:

Physical Techniques. 2nd Ed. United Kingdom: Stanley Thornes

Ltd. 2007. p. 362-99.

Turley SG, Kskkula J. A survey of multiple transition by dynamic

mechanical methods. Journal of Polymer Science Part C 1966;14:

-87.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v3i2.66

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.